In computer science, data structure is a format for organizing, managing, and storing data. It is a collection of data elements that have one or more specific relationships with each other. Normally, carefully selected data structures can lead to higher operational or storage efficiency. Data structures are often related to efficient retrieval algorithms and indexing techniques.

Data structure studies the logical structure and physical structure of data, as well as their interrelationships. It contains three aspects: the logical structure of data, the storage structure of data, and the operation of data. Only when these three aspects are completely identical can they become completely identical data structures

The logical structure of data refers to the logical relationships that exist between data elements, consisting of a collection of data elements and the relationships defined on this collection. The logical structure of data is independent of data storage and independent of computers. It is a mathematical model abstracted from specific problems. The logical structure of data consists of two elements: a set of data elements and a set of relationships. Generally speaking, logical structures include:

1. Set: There are no other relationships between elements in a data structure except for the mutual relationship of "belonging to the same set";

2. Linear structure: There is a one-to-one relationship between elements in a data structure;

3. Tree structure: The elements in the data structure have one to many interrelationships;

4. Graphic structure: There are many to many relationships between elements in the data structure